Nature conservation

Threatened species

Green and Golden Bell Frog - NSW North Coast: Distribution and vegetation associations

Scientific name: Litoria aurea

Conservation status in NSW: Endangered external link

Commonwealth status: Vulnerable external link

Last updated: 14 Oct 2022

Distribution of the species within this region

The Green and Golden Bell Frog is known or predicted to occur in the following sub-regions of the NSW North Coast Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia Region.

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IBRA sub-region	Known or predicted	Geographic restrictions within region
Coffs Coast and Escarpment	Known	None
Karuah Manning	Known	None
Macleay Hastings	Known	None
Upper Hunter	Known	None
Yuraygir	Known	None

Vegetation formations, classes and types

In this region the Green and Golden Bell Frog - NSW North Coast is known to be associated with the following vegetation formations and classes. Click on a name to get background information about it.

Dry sclerophyll forests (shrub/grass sub-formation)
- Clarence Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3420 Clarence Lowland Ironbark-Spotted Gum Grassy Forest
  - 3428 Northern Lowland Red Gum-Swamp Turpentine Grassy Forest
- Cumberland Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3448 Castlereagh Ironbark Forest
- Hunter-Macleay Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3431 Central Hunter Ironbark Grassy Woodland
  - 1608 Grey Box - Grey Gum - Rough-barked Apple - Blakely's Red Gum grassy open forest of the central Hunter
  - 3432 Hunter Coast Foothills Apple-Ironbark Grassy Forest
  - 3433 Hunter Coast Foothills Spotted Gum-Ironbark Grassy Forest
  - 3435 Hunter Coast Lowland Flats Damp Forest
  - 3437 Hunter Coast Lowland Spotted Gum Dry Forest
  - 3436 Hunter Coast Sandy Creekflat Low Paperbark Scrub
  - 3434 Hunter Coast White Mahogany Low Forest
  - 3438 Hunter Escarpment Footslopes Ironbark Forest
  - 4157 Hunter Escarpment Footslopes Singleton Mallee
  - 4158 Hunter Escarpment Pokolbin Ironbark Woodland
  - 3442 Lower Hunter Lowland Ironbark-Paperbark Forest
  - 3444 Lower Hunter Spotted Gum-Ironbark Forest
  - 3445 Lower North Coastal Hills Red Gum Grassy Forest
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- North-west Slopes Dry Sclerophyll Woodlands
  - 1606 White Box - Narrow-leaved Ironbark - Blakely's Red Gum shrubby open forest of the central and upper Hunter

Dry sclerophyll forests (shrubby sub-formation)
- Coastal Dune Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3544 Coastal Sands Apple-Blackbutt Forest
  - 3545 Coastal Sands Bloodwood Low Forest
  - 3546 Coastal Sands Littoral Scrub-Forest
  - 3556 Umina Coastal Sand Woodland
- South Coast Sands Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3638 South Coast Sands Bangalay Forest
- South Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3181 Bega Wet Shrub Forest
  - 3182 Far South Coastal Apple Gully Forest
  - 3184 Far South Lowland Creekflat Forest
  - 3185 Far South Riverflat Wet Forest
  - 3186 Far South Sandflat Ribbon Gum Forest
  - 3187 Shoalhaven Hinterland Peppermint Wet Gully Forest
  - 3190 South Coast Hinterland Monkey Gum Wet Fern Forest
  - 3191 South Coast Ranges Moist Gully Forest
  - 3188 South Coast Riverflat Peppermint Forest
  - 3192 South Coast Riverflat Ribbon Gum Forest
  - 3193 South Coast Stringybark-Monkey Gum Wet Forest
  - 3194 Southeast Escarpment Flats Swamp Gum Forest
  - 3196 Southeast Hinterland Intermediate Shrub Forest
  - 3197 Southeast Hinterland Monkey Gum Moist Shrub Forest
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- South East Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3654 Shoalhaven Lowland Bloodwood Shrub Forest
  - 3662 South Coast Lowland Blackbutt Forest
  - 3664 Southeast Foothills Woollybutt Dry Shrub Forest
- Southern Tableland Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 351 Brittle Gum - Broad-leaved Peppermint - Red Stringybark open forest in the north-western part (Yass to Orange) of the South Eastern Highlands Bioregion
  - 730 Broad-leaved Peppermint - Mountain Gum dry open forest of the Central Tablelands area of the South Eastern Highlands Bioregion
- Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3581 Hunter Coast Foothills Apple Forest
  - 3582 Hunter Coast Lowland Apple-Bloodwood Forest
  - 3583 Hunter Coast Lowland Scribbly Gum Forest
  - 3587 Pearl Beach Sand Forest
  - 3588 Shoalhaven Foothills Bloodwood Heathy Forest
  - 3589 Southern Highlands Escarpment Peppermint Gully Forest
  - 3591 Southern Sydney Sheltered Forest
  - 3592 Sydney Coastal Enriched Sandstone Forest
  - 3593 Sydney Coastal Sandstone Bloodwood Shrub Forest
  - 3594 Sydney Coastal Sandstone Foreshores Forest
  - 3595 Sydney Coastal Sandstone Gully Forest
  - 3596 Sydney Coastal Sandstone Riparian Forest
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- Sydney Hinterland Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3600 Burragorang Escarpment Heath
  - 3601 Burragorang Footslopes Scribbly Gum Forest
  - 3602 Burragorang Permian Sandstone Grey Gum-Peppermint Forest
  - 3615 Sydney Hinterland Apple-Blackbutt Gully Forest
  - 3620 Sydney Hinterland Turpentine Sheltered Forest
  - 3621 Sydney Hinterland Turpentine-Apple Gully Forest
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- Sydney Sand Flats Dry Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3629 Castlereagh Scribbly Gum Woodland
  - 3628 Castlereagh Shrubby Swamp Woodland
  - 3631 Kurri Sand-Clay Woodland
  - 3634 Quorrobolong Sand Flats Forest

Forested wetlands
- Coastal Floodplain Wetlands
  - 4015 Central Hunter Riparian Forest
  - 4016 Clarence Floodplain Swamp Oak Forest
  - 4019 Coastal Alluvial Bangalay Forest
  - 4020 Coastal Creekflat Layered Grass-Sedge Swamp Forest
  - 4021 Coastal Creekline Dry Shrubby Swamp Forest
  - 4023 Coastal Valleys Riparian Forest
  - 4024 Cumberland Blue Box Riverflat Forest
  - 4025 Cumberland Red Gum Riverflat Forest
  - 4026 Estuarine Sea Rush Swamp Oak Forest
  - 4028 Estuarine Swamp Oak Twig-rush Forest
  - 4027 Estuarine Swamp Oak-Mangrove Forest
  - 4035 Far South Floodplain Wetland Paperbark Scrub
  - 4036 Hunter Coast Lake Flats Apple Forest
  - 4038 Hunter Estuarine Melaleuca nodosa Scrub
  - 4039 Hunter Range Creekflat Apple-Red Gum Forest
  - 4041 Lower Hunter Flats Red Gum Mesic Forest
  - 4042 Lower North Riverflat Eucalypt-Paperbark Forest
  - 924 Melaleuca linariifolia alluvial melaleuca thicket of the lower Blue Mountains and Capertee Valley, Sydney Basin Bioregion
  - 4044 Northern Creekflat Eucalypt-Paperbark Mesic Swamp Forest
  - 4045 Northern Lowland Swamp Turpentine-Paperbark Forest
  - 4046 Northern Lowland Swamp Turpentine-Red Gum Forest
  - 4047 Northern Swamp Mahogany-Bottlebrush Swamp Forest
  - 4048 Northern Swamp Oak-Paperbark Forest
  - 4049 South Coast Floodplain Grassy Swamp Forest
  - 4050 South Coast Floodplain Wetland Paperbark Scrub
  - 4051 South Coast Lowland Red Gum-Swamp Oak Forest
  - 4056 Southern Estuarine Swamp Paperbark Creekflat Scrub
  - 4057 Sydney Creekflat Swamp Mahogany-Paperbark Forest
  - 4058 Sydney Hinterland Red Gum Riverflat Forest
  - 4059 Sydney Hinterland Sandy Creekflat Shrub Forest
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- Coastal Swamp Forests
  - 3983 Central Coast Flats Mesic Swamp Forest
  - 3984 Clarence Lowland Paperbark Sedge Swamp Woodland
  - 3985 Coastal Floodplain Swamp Paperbark Scrub
  - 3996 Coastal Sand Swamp Mahogany Dry Forest
  - 3986 Coastal Sands Swamp Mahogany Rush Forest
  - 3987 Far North Floodplain Paperbark-Swamp Oak Forest
  - 3988 Far North Mesophyll Paperbark Swamp Forest
  - 3989 Far North Paperbark Fern Swamp Forest
  - 3990 Far North Paperbark Gahnia Swamp Forest
  - 3991 Far North Sands Swamp Turpentine-Paperbark Forest
  - 3993 Far North Swamp Oak-Paperbark Tidal Forest
  - 3995 Hunter Coast Paperbark-Swamp Mahogany Forest
  - 3997 Hunter Coast Sandplain Sedge Paperbark Wetland
  - 3998 Lower North Creekflat Mahogany Swamp Forest
  - 4000 Northern Estuarine Paperbark Sedge Forest
  - 4001 Northern Floodplain Paperbark Fern Swamp Forest
  - 4002 Northern Lowland Orange Gum Dry Swamp Forest
  - 4003 Northern Lowland Swamp Turpentine-Mahogany Forest
  - 4004 Northern Melaleuca quinquenervia Swamp Forest
  - 4005 Northern Paperbark Banksia Littoral Forest
  - 4006 Northern Paperbark-Swamp Mahogany Saw-sedge Forest
  - 4007 Northern Sands Paperbark Sedge Low Forest
  - 4008 Northern Sands Swamp Mahogany Shrubby Rush Forest
  - 3992 Northern Sandy Alluvium Heathy Swamp Forest
  - 4009 Shoalhaven Lowland Flats Wet Swamp Forest
  - 1731 Swamp Oak - Weeping Grass grassy riparian forest of the Hunter Valley
  - 4010 Sydney Hinterland Creekflat Paperbark Scrub
  - 4012 Tomago Drooping Red Gum Swamp Woodland
  - 4013 Wyong Paperbark-Woollybutt Swamp Forest
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- Eastern Riverine Forests
  - 4061 Bega-Towamba Riparian Scrub
  - 4073 Lower North Hinterland River Oak Forest
  - 4078 Northern Gorges River Oak Forest
  - 4079 Northern Hinterland Grassy River Oak Forest
  - 4081 Northwest River Oak-River Red Gum Forest
  - 42 River Red Gum / River Oak riparian woodland wetland in the Hunter Valley
  - 4083 Southeast Tableland Rocky Riparian Scrub
  - 4084 Southern Escarpment River Oak Forest
  - 4086 Sydney Coastal Sandstone Riparian Scrub
  - 1270 Tea-tree shrubland of drainage areas of the slopes and tablelands
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- Inland Riverine Forests
  - 4089 Namoi-Upper Hunter River Red Gum Forest

Freshwater wetlands
- Coastal Freshwater Lagoons
  - 3958 Castlereagh Gravel Sedgeland
  - 3960 Coast Sands Cladium Sedgeland
  - 3959 Coast Sands Jointed Twig-rush Sedgeland
  - 3961 Coast Sands Lepironia Sedgeland
  - 3962 Coastal Floodplain Phragmites Reedland
  - 3963 Estuarine Reedland
  - 3964 Far North Floodplain Fern-Forb Wetland
  - 3965 Far North Floodplain Forb-Sedge Wetland
  - 3966 Foredune Swale Marsh
  - 3967 Northern Lower Floodplain Eleocharis Wetland
  - 3968 Northern Sands Baloskion-Machaerina Wetland
  - 3914 Northern Sands Chorizandra Sedgeland
  - 3969 Northern Sands Machaerina-Eleocharis Sedgeland
  - 3970 Northern Sands Water Couch Wetland
  - 3971 Northern Sandy Floodplain Sedge Paperbark Wetland
  - 3974 Pambula Dune Swale Red Gum Swamp Woodland
  - 3975 Southern Lower Floodplain Freshwater Wetland
  - 3976 Southern Sands Freshwater Lagoon Wetland
  - 1738 Spirodella freshwater wetland
  - 3977 Sydney Coastal Headland Lagoon Sedgeland
  - 3972 Sydney Creekflat Wetland
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- Coastal Heath Swamps
  - 3920 Coastal Clifftop Shrubby Marsh
  - 3921 Coastal Sydney Sand Saw-sedge Wet Shrubland
  - 3903 Far Southeast Lowland Heath Swamp
  - 3902 Far Southeast Shrubby Swamp Woodland
  - 3904 Hunter Coast Grasstree Graminoid Swamp Scrub
  - 3907 Lower North Sands Swamp Scrub
  - 3908 Lower North Sands Wallum Bottlebrush Swamp Heath
  - 3906 Northern Lowland Clay Wet Heath
  - 3912 Northern Sand Swale Paperbark Sedge Shrubland
  - 3900 Northern Sandplain Saw-sedge-Fern Swamp Heath
  - 3913 Northern Sandplain Wet Heath
  - 3915 Northern Sands Prickly Tea-tree Wet Shrubland
  - 3917 Shoalhaven Lowland Heath
  - 3919 Southern Highlands Wet Swamp Heath
  - 3922 Sydney Coastal Sand Swamp Scrub
  - 3923 Sydney Coastal Sandstone Creekline Swamp Heath
  - 3924 Sydney Coastal Upland Swamp Heath
  - 3925 Sydney Sandstone Button Grass Sedgeland
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- Montane Bogs and Fens
  - 766 Carex sedgeland of the slopes and tablelands
  - 3932 Central and Southern Tableland Swamp Meadow Complex
  - 3941 Megalong Valley Fringing Swamp Scrub
  - 3942 Monaro Creekflat Peat Swamp
  - 3949 Southern Highlands Sand Swamp Sedgeland
  - 3950 Southern Highlands Sand Swamp Woodland
  - 3951 Southern Tableland Ranges Boggy Open Woodland
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Grasslands
- Maritime Grasslands
  - 3407 Central Headland Grassland
  - 3408 Northern Headland Grassland
  - 3409 Southern Headland Grassland
  - 3410 Spinifex Strandline Grassland
- Temperate Montane Grasslands
  - 3413 Monaro Kangaroo Grass Woodland-Grassland Complex
  - 3414 Monaro Snowgrass-Kangaroo Grass Grassland
  - 1110 River Tussock - Tall Sedge - Kangaroo Grass moist grasslands of the South Eastern Highlands Bioregion
  - 3415 Southern Tableland Red Grass-Spear Grass Grassland
  - 3416 Southern Tableland Valley Flats Damp Grassland

Grassy woodlands
- Coastal Valley Grassy Woodlands
  - 1692 Bull Oak grassy woodland of the central Hunter Valley
  - 3315 Central Hunter Ironbark-Spotted Gum Forest
  - 3318 Cumberland Moist Shale Woodland
  - 3319 Cumberland Shale Hills Woodland
  - 3320 Cumberland Shale Plains Woodland
  - 3321 Cumberland Shale-Sandstone Ironbark Forest
  - 3327 Illawarra Lowland Red Gum Grassy Forest
  - 3328 Lower Hunter Red Gum-Paperbark Riverflat Forest
  - 1603 Narrow-leaved Ironbark - Bull Oak - Grey Box shrub - grass open forest of the central and lower Hunter
  - 1604 Narrow-leaved Ironbark - Grey Box - Spotted Gum shrub - grass woodland of the central and lower Hunter
  - 1691 Narrow-leaved Ironbark - Grey Box grassy woodland of the central and upper Hunter
  - 3329 Northern Hinterland Valleys Red Gum Grassy Forest
  - 3269 Shoalhaven Lowland Spotted Gum-Paperbark Forest
  - 4052 South Coast Low Hills Red Gum Grassy Forest
  - 3330 South Coast Lowland Woollybutt Grassy Forest
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- Southern Tableland Grassy Woodlands
  - 654 Apple Box - Yellow Box dry grassy woodland of the South Eastern Highlands Bioregion
  - 3366 Central Tableland Clay Apple Box Grassy Forest
  - 3367 Central Tableland Granites Grassy Box Woodland
  - 3368 Central Tableland Limestone Woodland
  - 3369 Central Tableland Ranges Peppermint-Gum Grassy Forest
  - 3370 Central Tableland Red Stringybark Grassy Forest
  - 3373 Goulburn Tableland Box-Gum Grassy Forest
  - 3376 Southern Tableland Grassy Box Woodland
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- Tableland Clay Grassy Woodlands
  - 3338 Goulburn Tableland Frost Hollow Grassy Woodland
  - 3341 Monaro-Gourock Frost Hollow Grassy Woodland
  - 3347 Southern Tableland Creekflat Ribbon Gum Forest
  - 3348 Southern Tableland Granites Ribbon Gum Grassy Forest
- Western Slopes Grassy Woodlands
  - 3485 Central Hunter Slaty Gum Grassy Forest

Heathlands
- Coastal Headland Heaths
  - 3788 Coastal Foredune Wattle Scrub
  - 3789 Coastal Headland Clay Heath
  - 3793 Hunter Coast Headland Clay Heath
  - 3794 Lower North Coast Headland Clay Heath
  - 3795 Mid North Swamp Oak Headland Scrub
  - 3796 Northern Lowland Graminoid Clay Heath
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- Sydney Coastal Heaths
  - 3809 Shoalhaven Rockplate Heath
  - 3811 Sydney Coastal Headland Cliff Scrub
  - 3812 Sydney Coastal Sandstone Headland Heath
- Wallum Sand Heaths
  - 3799 Agnes Banks Woodland
  - 3800 Bouddi Headland Wallum Heath
  - 3801 Far North Sandplain Wallum Heath
  - 3802 Lower North Sandplain Wallum Heath
  - 3803 Northern Sandplain Damp Wallum Heath
  - 3804 Northern Sands Wallum Banksia-Allocasuarina Scrub
  - 3805 Southern Sandplain Heath
  - 3806 Sydney Coastal Sand Mantle Heath
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Miscellaneous ecosystems
- Highly disturbed areas with no or limited native vegetation
  - 99997 Highly disturbed areas - road verges, table drains, road embankments, ploughed paddocks etc.
- Marine environments
  - 99994 Dune and Shorelines
- Rocky islands
  - 99992 Rocky islands
- Water bodies, rivers, lakes, streams (not wetlands)
  - 99996 Water bodies, rivers, lakes, streams (not wetlands)

Rainforests
- Dry Rainforests
  - 3110 Greater Sydney Enriched Grey Myrtle Dry Rainforest
  - 3077 Illawarra Complex Dry Rainforest
  - 3106 South Coast Grey Myrtle Dry Rainforest
- Littoral Rainforests
  - 3134 Illawarra Seacliffs Littoral Rainforest
  - 3132 Northern Sands Tuckeroo-Banksia Forest
  - 3133 Sydney Coast Tuckeroo Littoral Rainforest
- Subtropical Rainforests
  - 3013 Illawarra Lowland Subtropical Rainforest

Saline wetlands
- Mangrove Swamps
  - 4091 Grey Mangrove-River Mangrove Forest
- Saltmarshes
  - 4094 Estuarine Club Rush-Arrowgrass Wetland
  - 4095 Paspalum vaginatum-Samphire Saltmarsh
  - 4097 Samphire Saltmarsh
  - 4040 South Coast Selliera-Sea Rush Swamp Oak Saltmarsh
  - 4103 Sporobolus virginicus Saltmarsh

Wet sclerophyll forests (grassy sub-formation)
- Northern Hinterland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3230 Central Coast Escarpment Moist Forest
  - 3234 Hunter Coast Lowland Spotted Gum Moist Forest
  - 3237 Hunter Range Blue Gum Gully Forest
  - 3238 Hunter Range Colluvial Apple-Gum Forest
  - 3236 Hunter Valley Hills Wet Vine Forest
  - 3155 Illawarra North-Pittwater Bangalay Moist Forest
  - 3240 Lower North Escarpment Red Gum Grassy Forest
  - 3242 Lower North Ranges Turpentine Moist Forest
  - 3244 Lower North Spotted Gum-Mahogany-Ironbark Sheltered Forest
  - 3241 Lower North White Mahogany-Spotted Gum Moist Forest
  - 3249 Northern Bloodwood-Ironbark Moist Grassy Forest
  - 3259 Sydney Coastal Shale-Sandstone Forest
  - 3260 Sydney Foreshores Shale Forest
  - 3262 Sydney Turpentine Ironbark Forest
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- Southern Lowland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3267 Shoalhaven Foothills Turpentine Forest
  - 3268 Shoalhaven Foothills Turpentine-Ironbark Moist Forest
  - 3270 Shoalhaven Lowland Wet Gully Forest
  - 3271 Shoalhaven Spotted Gum-Blackbutt Moist Forest
  - 3272 South Coast Lowland Creekflat Forest
  - 3273 South Coast Lowland Shrub-Grass Forest
  - 3274 South Coast Spotted Gum Moist Forest
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- Southern Tableland Wet Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3291 Bondo Montane Valley Flats Forest
  - 3292 Bondo Slopes Peppermint Moist Grassy Forest
  - 3293 Bondo Slopes Peppermint Sheltered Fern Forest
  - 3294 Central Tableland Peppermint-Gum Montane Forest
  - 1197 Snow Gum - Mountain Gum tussock grass-herb forest of the South Eastern Highlands Bioregion
  - 3304 Southern Tableland Swamp Flats Shrub Woodland
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Wet sclerophyll forests (shrubby sub-formation)
- North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forests
  - 3136 Blue Gum High Forest
  - 3140 Blue Mountains Sandstone Turpentine Moist Forest
  - 3145 Cumberland Bangalay x Blue Gum Riverflat Forest
  - 3150 Hunter Coast Ranges Turpentine Wet Forest
  - 3154 Illawarra Blackbutt Moist Forest
  - 3153 Illawarra Escarpment Bangalay x Blue Gum Wet Forest
  - 3078 Illawarra Lowland Wet Vine Forest
  - 3125 Illawarra Seacliff Banksia-Bangalay Forest
  - 3156 Jervis Bay Sands Littoral Moist Forest
  - 3158 Lower North Foothills Turpentine-Flooded Gum Wet Forest
  - 3160 Lower North Turpentine-Tallowwood-Grey Gum Forest
  - 3161 Mid North Hinterland Wet Forest
  - 3162 Mid North Lowland Flooded Gum-Palm Wet Forest
  - 4043 Mid North Lowland Riparian Wet Forest
  - 3165 Northern Brush Box Subtropical Wet Forest
  - 3176 Sydney Enriched Sandstone Moist Forest
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Green and golden bell frog, Broughton Island, NSW Image 1 of 5.
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